Nitrate reduction in sediments of a lowland tropical streams draining swamp forest in Costa Rica: An ecosystem perspective.

Abstract:  Nitrate reduction and denitrification were measured in swamp forest streams draining lowland rain forest on Costa Rica's Atlantic slope foothills using the C2H2-block assay and sediment-water nutrient fluxes. Denitrification assays using the C2H2-block technique indicated that the full suite of denitrifying enzymes were present in the sediment but that only a small fraction of the functional activity could be expressed without adding NO;. Under optimal conditions, denitrification enzyme activity averaged 15 nmoles cm(-3) sediment h(-1). Areal NO, reduction rates measured from NO3- loss in the overlying water of sediment-water flux chambers ranged from 65 to 470 umoles m(-2) h(-1). Oxygen loss rates accompanying NO3- depletion averaged 750 umoles m(-2) h(-1). Corrected for denitrification of NO3- oxidized from NH4+ in the sediment, gross NO3- reduction rates increase by 130 umoles m(-2) h(-1), indicating nitrification may be the predominant source of NO; for NO, reduction in swamp forest stream sediments. Under field conditions approximately 80% of the increase in inorganic N mass along a 1250-m reach of the Salto River was in the form of NO3- with the balance NH4+. Scrutiny of potential inorganic N sources suggested that mineralized N released from the streambed was a major source of the inorganic N increase. Despite significant NO, reduction potential, swamp forest stream sediments appear to be a source of inorganic N to downstream communities.


Duff, J. H., C. M. Pringle and F. J. Triska. 1996. Nitrate reduction in sediments of a lowland tropical streams draining swamp forest in Costa Rica: An ecosystem perspective. Biogeochemistry 33: 179-196.

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